GENETIC TEACHER

SNP markers consider co-dominant and bi allelic markers with accurate typing in more than 95% so it easy to score for forensic applications, on the other hand not all genetic variation captured because the amount of information is small in each SNP marker, SNP markers determine most phenotypic information by identifying associated genes with phenotypic traits in form of genetic map, SNP is single DNA base variation found in larger than 1% while mutation is single DNA base variation found in less than 1% (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

Linkage Disequilibrium indicate non-random association of alleles indicating that SNP alleles or DNA sequence close together in genome and tend to be inherited together, Linkage Disequilibrium affected by distance between SNP markers (large distance indicate low linkage disequilibrium) and affected by recombination rate (low recombination rate indicate high linkage disequilibrium), (Linkage Disequilibrium= (1) refer to perfect positive correlation) (Linkage Disequilibrium= (0) refer to no correlation or linkage disequilibrium) (Linkage Disequilibrium= (-1) refer to perfect negative correlation) (Linkage Disequilibrium= (0.8) refer to strong positive correlation) (Linkage Disequilibrium= (0.12) refer to weak positive correlation) (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

Association studies compare group of interested genes to control genes indicating SNP may be near to genes that control impacting traits, Alleles mean alternate forms of SNP or mutation while Genotypes mean both alleles at locus form genotypes whereas Haplotypes are a pattern of alleles on chromosome therefore genetic association refer to correlation between alleles genotypes and haplotypes (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

Haplotypes are a set of linked alleles or DNA sequences on chromosome tend to inherited together, Tag-SNP markers represent SNP in region of genome to show high linkage disequilibrium for association studies (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

Single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP Marker is a single base change between DNA sequences in every 100 to 300 base pairs in heredity resulting change in amino acids leading to change in proteins or gene function in more than 1% in large population and variation in every 1000 base pairs refer to SNP marker So SNP that close to particular gene act as marker for that gene, Major allele frequency represent more than 50% while minor allele frequency represent less than 50%, SNP marker initiate by DNA extraction and sequence generation for preliminary data quality control to compare base sequences to discover SNP markers to generate map of genome containing all possible of SNP markers (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

Single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP Marker is a single base change between DNA sequences in every 100 to 300 base pairs in heredity resulting change in amino acids leading to change in proteins or gene function in more than 1% in large population and variation in every 1000 base pairs refer to SNP marker So SNP that close to particular gene act as marker for that gene, Major allele frequency represent more than 50% while minor allele frequency represent less than 50%, SNP marker initiate by DNA extraction and sequence generation for preliminary data quality control to compare base sequences to discover SNP markers to generate map of genome containing all possible of SNP markers, Haplotypes are a set of linked alleles or DNA sequences on chromosome tend to inherited together, Tag-SNP markers represent SNP in region of genome to show high linkage disequilibrium for association studies, Association studies compare group of interested genes to control genes indicating SNP may be near to...

DNA footprinting used to study specific sequence of DNA-Protein interaction to study transcriptional regulation and gene expression by identifying promoter., enhancer and silence sequence of a genes (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

DNA footprinting consider less accurate and non-reproducible and hazardous by using label probes it also consider conventional and time consuming method as well (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

DNA footprinting consider a powerful enough for differentiation many fragments because it can exactly locate binding site of particular ligand in comparative cheap (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

Steps of DNA footprinting start by amplify region of interested DNA molecule by conventional PCR and label amplified DNA with radioactivity or fluorescence label probe and apply incubation with protein and immunoprecipitation After that apply DNA modification with DNA modifiers or cleavage agents such as (DNase-1 or Hydroxyl radicals) then run polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with uniform ladder for control sample to allow prediction of exact location of binding site so footprinting is a gap pattern on polyacrylamide gel which mean protein bound DNA and protect DNA from cleavage agent (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

DNA footprinting is an in vitro DNA molecular genetic analysis study protein DNA interaction within and outside cell to determine which DNA sequence binding proteins (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

DNA footprinting is an in vitro DNA molecular genetic analysis study protein DNA interaction within and outside cell to determine which DNA sequence binding proteins, Steps of DNA footprinting start by amplify region of interested DNA molecule by conventional PCR and label amplified DNA with radioactivity or fluorescence label probe and apply incubation with protein and immunoprecipitation After that apply DNA modification with DNA modifiers or cleavage agents such as (DNase-1 or Hydroxyl radicals) then run polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with uniform ladder for control sample to allow prediction of exact location of binding site so footprinting is a gap pattern on polyacrylamide gel which mean protein bound DNA and protect DNA from cleavage agent, DNA footprinting consider a powerful enough for differentiation many fragments because it can exactly locate binding site of particular ligand in comparative cheap, DNA footprinting consider less accurate and non-reproducible and hazardou...

DNA Fingerprinting use in paternity test and criminal investigations and disease identification and anthropology studies and agriculture and livestock breeding and quality control in biotechnology (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

Example of criminal scene: if DNA profile of crime scene match suspect strong evidence that suspect was present at crime scene while if DNA profile of crime scene doesn't match suspect may be eliminate from enquiry (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

In example of paternity test child band match father band and mismatch mother band, Child inheritance from father and mother: If father heterozygous at locus A and homozygous and locus B and mother heterozygous at each locus A and B hence child combine one allele from each parent (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

DNA fingerprinting techniques: (RFLP markers use to analyze variation and location of restriction sites) + ( AFLP markers use to analyze specific fragments of genomic DNA) + (STR markers use to analyze short repeat sequence 4 to 6 base pairs) + (VNTR markers use to analyze longer repeat sequence 10 to 100 base pairs) + (SNP markers use to examine single nucleotide variation at specific positions in genome in form of allele specific oligonucleotides) + (Mitochondrial DNA use to track maternal lineages) + (Y-chromosome use to track paternal lineages) + (Whole Genome Sequencing use to generate highly comprehensive informative genetic profile) (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

Steps of DNA fingerprinting initiate by collect samples for DNA extraction to proceed polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis for bands visualization to compare matching bands (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

DNA fingerprinting or DNA Typing or DNA Profiling or DNA Testing Determine variation among individuals at DNA level on principle of polymorphism of DNA sequences to compare samples (Match or mismatch) such as paternity test and criminal scene (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher

DNA fingerprinting or DNA Typing or DNA Profiling or DNA Testing Determine variation among individuals at DNA level on principle of polymorphism of DNA sequences to compare samples (Match or mismatch) such as paternity test and criminal scene, Steps of DNA fingerprinting initiate by collect samples for DNA extraction to proceed polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis for bands visualization to compare matching bands, DNA fingerprinting techniques: (RFLP markers use to analyze variation and location of restriction sites) + ( AFLP markers use to analyze specific fragments of genomic DNA) + (STR markers use to analyze short repeat sequence 4 to 6 base pairs) + (VNTR markers use to analyze longer repeat sequence 10 to 100 base pairs) + (SNP markers use to examine single nucleotide variation at specific positions in genome in form of allele specific oligonucleotides) + (Mitochondrial DNA use to track maternal lineages) + (Y-chromosome use to track paternal lineages) + (Whole Geno...

DNA Technology studies: Sites specific mutagenesis + Restriction mapping + Southern blotting to identify genomic regions + Northern blotting to study RNA + DNA sequencing, Basic tools of DNA technology: Identifying desired DNA + Cut DNA with restriction enzymes + Insert DNA into vector + Connect DNA pieces with ligase + Insert vector into host cell + Clone desired DNA with vector + Store clones in DNA library to identify coned genes with radioactive probes by cutting fragments from gel electrophoresis for DNA sequencing to determine exact sequence to analyze gene functions, DNA Technology use in functional organization of genes and regulation of gene expression of target genes and genetic influences and evolutionary relationship between organisms (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher