Functions of Taq DNA Polymerase in PCR Reaction

Single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP Marker is a single base change between DNA sequences in every 100 to 300 base pairs in heredity resulting change in amino acids leading to change in proteins or gene function in more than 1% in large population and variation in every 1000 base pairs refer to SNP marker So SNP that close to particular gene act as marker for that gene, Major allele frequency represent more than 50% while minor allele frequency represent less than 50%, SNP marker initiate by DNA extraction and sequence generation for preliminary data quality control to compare base sequences to discover SNP markers to generate map of genome containing all possible of SNP markers, Haplotypes are a set of linked alleles or DNA sequences on chromosome tend to inherited together, Tag-SNP markers represent SNP in region of genome to show high linkage disequilibrium for association studies, Association studies compare group of interested genes to control genes indicating SNP may be near to genes that control impacting traits, Alleles mean alternate forms of SNP or mutation while Genotypes mean both alleles at locus form genotypes whereas Haplotypes are a pattern of alleles on chromosome therefore genetic association refer to correlation between alleles genotypes and haplotypes, Linkage Disequilibrium indicate non-random association of alleles indicating that SNP alleles or DNA sequence close together in genome and tend to be inherited together, Linkage Disequilibrium affected by distance between SNP markers (large distance indicate low linkage disequilibrium) and affected by recombination rate (low recombination rate indicate high linkage disequilibrium), (Linkage Disequilibrium= (1) refer to perfect positive correlation) (Linkage Disequilibrium= (0) refer to no correlation or linkage disequilibrium) (Linkage Disequilibrium= (-1) refer to perfect negative correlation) (Linkage Disequilibrium= (0.8) refer to strong positive correlation) (Linkage Disequilibrium= (0.12) refer to weak positive correlation), SNP markers consider co-dominant and bi allelic markers with accurate typing in more than 95% so it easy to score for forensic applications, on the other hand not all genetic variation captured because the amount of information is small in each SNP marker, SNP markers determine most phenotypic information by identifying associated genes with phenotypic traits in form of genetic map, SNP is single DNA base variation found in larger than 1% while mutation is single DNA base variation found in less than 1% (Watch Related Video in #geneticteacher) #geneticteacher